Developing Speaking Skills in School

Developing Speaking Skills in School The ability to speak a language is synonymous with knowing that language because speaking is the most basic ways of human communication. Bailey and Savage (1994) said that speaking in second language has often been viewed as that most demanding of the four skills. Speaking skill is the second skill: (1) listening (2) speaking (3) reading (4) writing. Speaking conveys thought, understanding and feeling to listeners. Moreover, it can help listener understands objectives of speaker. Thus, speaking skill is important for communication in every day life. Second language learning, speaking skill is necessary because a person who can speak able to understand other. Also, it helps reading and writing skill to be easy. However, this skill is the complicate skill that speaker has to practice for long time. It does not occur to understanding or remembrance. So, Roger Scott (1981) purposes the steps of teaching and activities as below: Informing objectives teacher should tell learners what do we learn. Presentation teacher should present contents with context. Teacher does not present without context because some contexts are different in another context. Practising and conveying learners will practice suddenly after teacher present contents. Teacher should provide a variety of expressions and native speaker accent. Teacher also encourages learner to learn freely and similar real situations. Moreover, Mary Finocchiaro and Christopher Brumfit (1983) explained that there are many activities for speaking teaching that teachers can choose appropriately an activity for students in each level as below: Answering questions that teachers or friends ask. Telling friends to act with order. Letting students ask or answer friends questions related to classroom or outside experiences. Telling characters of objects from the pictures. Telling experiences by providing key words. Reporting stories from assigned topics. Setting classroom as scenes of some situations like restaurant, bank, and grocery. Debating, discussing, and expressing your ideas. Playing language games. Practising to telephone. Reading Thai newspapers and reporting in English Role playing. Speaking is divided into two main areas which are monologue and dialogue. Monologue is a person who speaks without interaction with other people (one person show) such as speech. Another one is dialogue that has at least 2 people talking together such as conversation. Moreover, people have to know some important means (managing interaction) to speak such as openings and closings, responding appropriately in fixed routine, taking turns, and topic management. There are several activities for developing speaking skills. Discussion Discussion is probably the most used activity in the oral skill class. Learners are assigned to discuss about provided topic. This activity usually does in a group because discussion is an activity for sharing information and knowledge to each other. Furthermore, learners are necessary to take the prior knowledge for discussion. For example, the topic is Living together before marriage. The learners should find some evidences to support your ideas. The evidence is maybe findings of research, statistic, or real experience. Besides, learners have to realize the managing interaction as above. The first step is teacher have to do a warm-up activity to introduce in the topic by discussing in the similar topic. This activity will add some ideas for students. The discussion does not have right or wrong, but it is sharing your own thoughts and feeling to each other. There are how to succeed with discussion: Give students topical information and language forms in order that they have something to say with other people. Let student purpose discussion topic or choose from some options. The topic of discussion is not necessary to be serious topic. Students would like to be motivated if the topic is interesting. Set objectives before discussion, and learners should achieve the goals. Use small group instead of whole class discussion because a small group is easy to participant in. Let students discuss for 8 -10 minutes. Teacher should stop them if they have nothing to say. Give feedback after finishing discussion. Students will know your ability by teachers feedback. For example: Pair work. Look at these rules for dating. Which statements do you agree with? Why? The man should always pay for the date. Some things should never change. A woman should never approach a man first. She should always be the one whos invited. It is inadvisable to talk about your problems at the beginning of a relationship. Do not say things like Can I see you again tomorrow? Play it cool. Do not make it appear that you are desperate. To avoid awkward situations, let your family know where you are going and when you will be back. It is better to go out with groups of friends in the beginning. Most blind dates tend to be disastrous, so it is best to avoid them. It is indiscreet to ask personal questions until you get to know each other. B. Group work. What are the most important dating rules in your culture? Agree on five important rules, and then tell the class. It is best for young people to go out in groups. Two people should never go out on their own unless they are planning to get married. Role play It is an activity for developing speaking skill, and students can show your ability about performance. Students usually are assigned some roles and fit into some situations that students maybe face outside classroom. Role play activity is advantage for practicing and developing sociolinguistic competence that they have to speak English with appropriateness according to situations and characters. Students always enjoy playing, but some are not because they are lack of self confidence. To succeed role play should do: Introduce activity by explaining the situation and make sure that students understand their own character. Set objectives before discussion, and learners should achieve the goals. Give a card that explains the person or role to students. The card maybe composes of words, expressions, or sentences. Have students brainstorm in their group for planning. Use small group instead of whole class discussion because a small group is easy to participant in. Let students work at their own ability level because students have different individual language skill. Teacher does not expect that everybody has to produce equally to discussion. Give feedback after finishing discussion. Students will know your ability by teachers feedback. For example: Choose the situation 1 or 2 to make up a dialogue and demonstrate the play in the classroom. Situation 1 Students A : You are going to join the live concert of your favorite singer or band, but you do not want to go alone. So, you need to invite your friend and tell his or her what do/does he/she/they look(s) like? Students B: You do not know his or her favorite singer or band for making decision. Situation 2 Students A: You are robbed the golden necklace. However, you are so lucky, you can remember his character. You need to describe him to a police. Students B: You are a police man. You need to ask his/her what is happening and what is the robber looks like? Information Gap The information gap activity involves each learner in a pair or group possessing information which the other learners do not have. The information of learners has to be shared with other in order to reach the objectives and outcomes. Doughty and Pica (1986) suggest that if students work in pairs with an activity that to be required exchanging information, students would engage in more negotiation of meaning that with activity. The information gap activities have their own advantages and limitations. They help language acquisition, but they do not involve students in conversational strategies in the same way like role play and discussion. For example: There are many different activities for developing speaking skills. The most important thing to realize is communicative competence including linguistics, sociolinguistics, discourse, and strategic competence. Moreover, speakers need to speak with fluency and accuracy. As you can see that speaking need more abilities to be mixed together. Recently, there are many foreigners wives at Udon Thaini province. Speaking is mostly used to communicate with other people. While a good speaker needs those things as above, some are not. For example, a foreigners wife at the department store says Honey, it the same at house. with pointing to a bag of detergent which is namely Breeze. This sentence is not correctly, but her husband can understand what she means. She speaks with some competence which is strategic competence that she speaks and point to something she means. Although she produces a sentence with any knowledge, she is able to communicate. Furthermore, there are not only utterances but also body language and eye contacts that you should act while you are speaking. The important activity for developing speaking skill in terms of body language and eye contacts is presentation, especially public speaking. For instance, when I was a fourth year student at Khon Kaen University, I usually practice presentation skill. Every subject need to oral presentation. I think that I was given many opportunities for practice until I can present confidently in front of classroom or anywhere. I also realize that dressing can help me to be a believable person. Although sometimes I am not sure for information that I have to present, I try to produce with confidence and good looking. After I finish presentation, my friend told me that You speak with reliability Then I answered that But I have no substances, ha ha. It makes me aware that speaking is the most important skill in every day life. Also, body language or gestures and eye contacts are choices to convey meaning to the audiences. If you are a good speaker, you should always practice anytime. For the second language learners, you cannot to be a perfect speaker because second language is not mother tongue, but you can speak with a few mistakes. Besides, you can speak English similar to native speakers by more practicing. For another example, I have a speech examination in terms of introduction of guest speaker which is the promptu speech. The teacher assigned since at the beginning of December. I have many times for preparation, but I still speak with some incorrect point. I also think that I cannot speak every word I prepared, but I can convey meaning to audience that it still has the same meaning. After that, it is the time for impromptu speech. Everyone has to pick a piece of paper that wrote a topic, and I was let a minute to prepare. Suddenly, I produce about the topic I selected. Luckily, I got a quite easy topic which is What custom in your country is different from customs in other countries? That top ic is in the Thai context while some are not related to Thai people. I realize that a speaker is needed to have omniscience for any topics. Person who has wider knowledge will get more advantages in speaking. In addition, experiences are considered to be necessity, especially direct experiences. As I mentioned as above, there are several activities for developing speaking skill in different ways. Teacher should select the appropriate activities for your students. Recently, communicative approach is taught widely in second language learning. This approach focuses on the ability to communicate in the real situation or authentic events, but the teacher should not ignore to teach grammar for them that is a heart of English learning. Moreover, I believe that vocabularies are necessary in speaking skill. Also, teacher should encourage developing vocabulary skill at the same time.

Handmaids Tale Essay -- essays research papers

Does the women of Gilead know that they are being controlled?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are the women of Gilead aware that they are being controlled by the society? In Margaret Atwood ¡Ã‚ ¯s The Handmaid ¡Ã‚ ¯s Tale, the theme of control is a very important factor of the book. In the story, at the Republic of Gilead, the women are being controlled by the society to do what the society wants them to do. The handmaids are brainwashed before they start working for the society. But since the brainwashing happens so naturally over a period of time, the handmaids don ¡Ã‚ ¯t fully realize that they have been brainwashed by the society to do what the society wants them to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of control and being brainwashed could be found in many parts of books in many forms. For example, before the women became handmaids, they were at a institution where they get educated and influenced by the aunts on how they should live their lives. In the institution, the aunts treat the women like children.  ¡Ã‚ °But whose fault was it? Aunt Helena says, holding up on plump finger. ¡Ã‚ ±(93), aunts ask such questions, which leads the women to think the way the society wants them to think.  ¡Ã‚ °Her fault, her fault, her fault, we chant in unison. ¡Ã‚ ±(94), and the women repeats the answer out loud as a whole as if they were young kindergartners, and by doing so, they are being influenced and brainwashed. By treating them like children and making them repeat after what they say, they slowly ...

H Cae

Assignment # 1 Roll# 10126006 Name: Awais Nawaz TSCM APT-304 Tasks 1. Identify Products range they deal in H&M brand deals in: †¢ Assecories †¢ Suitning for women& men †¢ High volume fashion basics for men&women †¢ Swimwear †¢ Nightwear †¢ Underwear †¢ Ladies Footwear †¢ Cosmetics †¢ Childrenwear †¢ Children apparel 2. Identify Customers (Consumers) H&M brand’s customers are: †¢ Men †¢ Women †¢ Teenagers †¢ Children 3. Identify Means of Competition (Why will consumer buy the products ) H&M retail stores have products that are High Fashionable & Quality at low prices.H&M has advanced technology integration such as EDI, GPS and RFID. ? EDI: H&M stores used EDI system to check the availability of the product in other stores. ? GPS Technology: H&M has GPS technology, customers snap a picture of virtual articles of clothing and pinpoint a shopper’s location store where they did window shopping. ? RFID: H&M used RFID system to track its product inventory and real-time location acsess for products in warehouse. There are differnet competitors of H&M like: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Express Zara NY&C Forever 21 1 †¢ GAP 4.Which are the infrastructure related aspects the company excels in H&M brand has its own distribution centre are quite good. H&M does not own any factories. Instead, clothes and other products are commissioned from around 700 independent suppliers, primiraly in Asia and Euorpe. H&M has 2200 retail stores operate in 40 countries around world. 5. Product sources Soureces of H&M brand are Asia and Euorpe. About two third of thier supplier have production in Asia. Asia product suppliers are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ China Compodia India Pakistan Indonesia South Korea and Sri Lanka.The remaining suppliers are in Europe for the most part. They are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 6. Turkey Italy Portugal Greece Bulgaria Romania Lithuania Poland and England. Supplier processes Suppliers for H&M Brands are; Full production, private brand and branded manufacture. Full production: †¢ †¢ Supplier buys all the material and is responsible for them. H&M gives design and product specifications to its suppliers. Private brand: †¢ H&M supplier is responsible for quality and H&M retailer may return all faulty goods returned to them by the consumer. Branded manufacturing: †¢ All Design is done by the H&M. †¢ Marketing and Retailing are controlled by H&M. 7. Retail processes H&M has its own retail Outlets. A key ingredient in retailing success is the strength of a company's distribution channels. In some markets H is collaborating with franchise partners, but franchising is not part of the general expansion strategy. 8. Brand retailer H is a brand retailer, becuase of the following factors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9. It has its own product designs. Marke ting Sourcing And Retailing. Product conceptsProduct concept of H is that to offer high fashion and quality products at the best price, quality also means that the products must be manufactured in away that is environmentally and socially sustainable. 10. Marketing strategy H brand’s marketing strategy is Generating ‘Word of Mouth’ through ‘fashion and quality at the best price' and other mediums such as: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Outdoor advertising Direct market H Magazine Fashion blog: http://www. popbee. com/ Video advertisements Print advertisements E-marketing H own website (www. m. com). 3 11. Draw a Supply Chain Model Supply Chain Model Retailer’s Locations Africa(Egypt, Morocco) Asia(China,Japan, Saudi Arab, UAE,South Korea, Singapor, ThaiLand, Oman) North America( Canada, US) South America: Chile Europe( Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Finland, Turkey, Switzerland, Norway, Greece, Poland) Dis tribution Network Own Distribution Network ‘Swedish’ Sourcing Locations Asia(China, India, Pakistan, Sout Korea, Sri Lanka) Euorpe(Turkey, Italy, Greece, Poland, England) 4 H Cae Assignment # 1 Roll# 10126006 Name: Awais Nawaz TSCM APT-304 Tasks 1. Identify Products range they deal in H&M brand deals in: †¢ Assecories †¢ Suitning for women& men †¢ High volume fashion basics for men&women †¢ Swimwear †¢ Nightwear †¢ Underwear †¢ Ladies Footwear †¢ Cosmetics †¢ Childrenwear †¢ Children apparel 2. Identify Customers (Consumers) H&M brand’s customers are: †¢ Men †¢ Women †¢ Teenagers †¢ Children 3. Identify Means of Competition (Why will consumer buy the products ) H&M retail stores have products that are High Fashionable & Quality at low prices.H&M has advanced technology integration such as EDI, GPS and RFID. ? EDI: H&M stores used EDI system to check the availability of the product in other stores. ? GPS Technology: H&M has GPS technology, customers snap a picture of virtual articles of clothing and pinpoint a shopper’s location store where they did window shopping. ? RFID: H&M used RFID system to track its product inventory and real-time location acsess for products in warehouse. There are differnet competitors of H&M like: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Express Zara NY&C Forever 21 1 †¢ GAP 4.Which are the infrastructure related aspects the company excels in H&M brand has its own distribution centre are quite good. H&M does not own any factories. Instead, clothes and other products are commissioned from around 700 independent suppliers, primiraly in Asia and Euorpe. H&M has 2200 retail stores operate in 40 countries around world. 5. Product sources Soureces of H&M brand are Asia and Euorpe. About two third of thier supplier have production in Asia. Asia product suppliers are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ China Compodia India Pakistan Indonesia South Korea and Sri Lanka.The remaining suppliers are in Europe for the most part. They are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 6. Turkey Italy Portugal Greece Bulgaria Romania Lithuania Poland and England. Supplier processes Suppliers for H&M Brands are; Full production, private brand and branded manufacture. Full production: †¢ †¢ Supplier buys all the material and is responsible for them. H&M gives design and product specifications to its suppliers. Private brand: †¢ H&M supplier is responsible for quality and H&M retailer may return all faulty goods returned to them by the consumer. Branded manufacturing: †¢ All Design is done by the H&M. †¢ Marketing and Retailing are controlled by H&M. 7. Retail processes H&M has its own retail Outlets. A key ingredient in retailing success is the strength of a company's distribution channels. In some markets H is collaborating with franchise partners, but franchising is not part of the general expansion strategy. 8. Brand retailer H is a brand retailer, becuase of the following factors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9. It has its own product designs. Marke ting Sourcing And Retailing. Product conceptsProduct concept of H is that to offer high fashion and quality products at the best price, quality also means that the products must be manufactured in away that is environmentally and socially sustainable. 10. Marketing strategy H brand’s marketing strategy is Generating ‘Word of Mouth’ through ‘fashion and quality at the best price' and other mediums such as: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Outdoor advertising Direct market H Magazine Fashion blog: http://www. popbee. com/ Video advertisements Print advertisements E-marketing H own website (www. m. com). 3 11. Draw a Supply Chain Model Supply Chain Model Retailer’s Locations Africa(Egypt, Morocco) Asia(China,Japan, Saudi Arab, UAE,South Korea, Singapor, ThaiLand, Oman) North America( Canada, US) South America: Chile Europe( Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Finland, Turkey, Switzerland, Norway, Greece, Poland) Dis tribution Network Own Distribution Network ‘Swedish’ Sourcing Locations Asia(China, India, Pakistan, Sout Korea, Sri Lanka) Euorpe(Turkey, Italy, Greece, Poland, England) 4

The Depresion essays

The Depresion essays The Great depression was in full effect by the 1930s, which effected millions of people and hurt the economy until World War 2. The depression brought on an eight year span of poverty, low wages, distrust in banking and government due to bad business, foreign and domestic. Faced with difficult time and a leader, who didnt help the situation until it was to late, people were looking for help to set the economy rolling again, The economy was clearly in recession by 1929. The economy was dealt a heavy blow on Black Thursday, October 24 when prices in the stock market plummeted, then again on Black Tuesday, October 29. The crash of the stock market had effects all over the nation, because banks had invested heavily in the stock market, banks were forced to close, which then effected the population. When the banks closed, in this time there were no insurance on the security of the banks money, people lost all there savings causing people to lose trust in banking. As more and more banks started to close people got scared and scrambled to their banks to get their savings out, only to find that the vaults were empty, which encouraged people not to spend, invest, and put their money in the banks. Study shows, if the people would have spent and invested their money that alone, would have been enough to bring the country out of the depression, but because of the distrust in the banking industry the depression k ept moving forward. Although the unstable banking industry was a large factor in the decline of the economy it wasnt the only reason. The unequal distribution of wealth underlined the weakness of the economy, where the upper- and middle-income families got more of the national income then the lower class and minority ethnicities. This hurt the economy because money wasnt spent where it needed to pull the economy out of recession. The skewed distribution of wealth allowed the top 5 percent of the upper- and m...

Communism in china essays

Communism in china essays To say that the Chinese Communist revolution is a non-Western revolution is more than a clich. That revolution has been primarily directed, not like the French Revolution but against alien Western influences that approached the level of domination and drastically altered China's traditional relationship with the world. Hence the Chinese Communist attitude toward China's traditional past is selectively critical, but by no means totally hostile. The Chinese Communist revolution, and the foreign policy of the regime to which it has given rise, have several roots, each of which is embedded in the past more deeply than one would tend to expect of a movement seemingly The Chinese superiority complex institutionalized in their tributary system was justified by any standards less advanced or efficient than those of the modern West. China developed an elaborate and effective political system resting on a remarkable cultural unity, the latter in turn being due mainly to the general acceptance of a common, although difficult, written language and a common set of ethical and social values, known as Confucianism. Traditional china had neither the knowledge nor the power that would have been necessary to cope with the superior science, technology, economic organization, and military force that expanding West brought to bear on it. The general sense of national weakness and humiliation was rendered still keener by a unique phenomenon, the modernization of Japan and its rise to great power status. Japan's success threw China's failure into The Japanese performance contributed to the discrediting and collapse of China's imperial system, but it did little to make things easier for the subsequent successor. The Republic was never able to achieve territorial and national unity in the face of bad communications and the widespread diffusion of modern ar...

KIDS (1995) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

KIDS (1995) - Essay Example Most of these factors tend to be influenced by the environment within which these teenagers live, the latter being further influenced by people with whom the teenager lives, the people they associate with, the economic status of their families, and finally, the values of the society within which these teenagers live. The most common character throughout the movie is Telly, who is a sixteen year old addicted to sex and he says in a soliloquy that without it, he sees no other reason to live (Goldberg 55). The fact that he is HIV positive is revealed when one of his sexual partners, Jennie, finds out that she has been infected. Telly chooses to only have sex with girls who are virgins and he, perhaps unknowingly, ends up infecting a lot of girls through his encounters with them. Throughout the movie, the viewer comes to the realization that among the main factors which influence the behavior of the characters involved is people with whom they live. ... n is perhaps the reason why he indulges in so much sexual activity, most likely in an attempt to find some meaning to his life after the rejection that he feels from his mother. It is in this instance that the conflict theory can be applied because of the fact that since Telly’s mother does not give him the attention he deserves, and for this reason, Telly indulges in the activities which in one way or the other lead to conflict in the lives of the people that he influences. It is a fact that teenagers are highly observant people, and it is a normal thing for them to imitate the behavior of their older family members or their friends. If a parent, for example, is a drug user, then it is likely that their teenage children will also become drug users and this is because these teenagers will grow up with the belief that taking drugs is not wrong. A home is the biggest influence that a teenager can have, and what goes on in that home is displayed by the character of this teenager. If the parents are negligent of their child, as Telly’s mother is of him, then it is likely that they will not notice the changes that are occurring in the teenager (Steele 46). It can be assumed that when Telly and his friends who get involved in delinquent activities, they do so to compensate for the lack of attention from their parents as well as the society. All through the movie, one of the factors which increases the risk of teenage sexual encounters as well as the use of drugs is people with whom they associate. Peer pressure is one of the premier causes of the delinquent activities among the characters of the movie as seen when Casper and his friends attack and beat up a man perhaps to death. It is seen that they indulge in such activities so that they can gain the approval of their

Now the Olympic flame has left the UK its remaining legacy is to Essay

Now the Olympic flame has left the UK its remaining legacy is to inspire a generation, promoting the benefits of physical fitness. What are the benefits to the cardiovascular system of regular exercise - Essay Example This paper is a discussion of the main physiological features of the cardiovascular system. The heart, one of the system’s major components, has two ventricles at the bottom chambers of the heart and two atria at the top chambers (Aaronson et al, 2004: p47). The ventricles force the blood into the blood vessels from the heart while the atria drains and forces blood into the ventricles. The heart is divided into two chambers in order to achieve a two-circuit system of circulation. The right side pumps to the lungs while, on the other hand, the left pumps to the other organs of the body. During the cycle of a heartbeat, the right and left atria contract, then the right and left ventricles follow suit, followed by relaxation of the ventricles and atria. During the resting phase for the ventricles and atria, blood flows from the relaxed atria to the relaxed ventricles, constituting the diastole. The atria then contract to force out any remaining blood almost followed immediately by the ventricle, constituting the systole. To ensure that blood flows in the right direction, the heart has valves that allow blood to move in only one direction. The heart valves open and close when the heart relaxes and then contracts, which is caused by the pressure difference in the heart, and these valves are; aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves (Aaronson et al, 2004: p50). The one way nature of the valves ensures that blood does not flow back, which avoids mixing of different blood. The heart is comprised of the cardiac muscle, which is a striated and involuntary muscle found on its walls and histological foundations (Aaronson et al, 2004: p52). While smooth muscle is also involuntary, cardiac muscle is more anatomically related to skeletal muscle since smooth muscle is not striated. The cardiovascular system is made of an amalgamation of smooth and cardiac cells, with the blood vessels lined by smooth muscle. The circulatory system is